(Unofficial) Record-breaking temperature across the Globe

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Feel free to read the interesting history of these web pages: http://coolwx.com/history.php

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This page displays global cities that are currently approaching, matching, or exceeding
unofficial daily/monthly/all-time record temperatures.

Please read the important notes at the very bottom of this page before using this data.

Move the mouse over a colored dot on the images to view the information on the temperature record.

** Note: As of 19 February 2024, the almanac has been updated to include all of 2023's data. **

Last updated at Fri Jul 3 17:32:46 UTC 2026 using 2557 observations from 17UTC

Unofficially, there are currently 25 stations that have broken their daily high record, 35 that are tying it, and 99 that are near it.
Unofficially, there are currently 0 stations that have broken their daily low record, 2 that are tying it, and 2 that are near it.

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LEGEND OF UNOFFICIAL RECORDS:

	Daily Close	Daily Tied	.	Daily Broken	Monthly Tied/Broken	All-time Tied/Broken
HIGH RECORD	##.#	##.#		##.#	##.#	##.#
LOW RECORD	##.#	##.#		##.#	##.#	##.#

LEGEND OF UNOFFICIAL RECORDS:

	Daily Close	Daily Tied	.	Daily Broken	Monthly Tied/Broken	All-time Tied/Broken
HIGH RECORD	##.#	##.#		##.#	##.#	##.#
LOW RECORD	##.#	##.#		##.#	##.#	##.#

Table Units: [ Fahrenheit | Celsius ]

ID	City	Country	Current Temp & Trend (°C)	Unofficial Daily / Monthly / Alltime Record (°C)	Margin of Unofficial Daily Record (°C)	Database Length (years)	ID
CWWE	Western Head, N. S.	Canada	34.0	26.5    35.8    35.8 (1999)  (2005)  (2005)	+7.5	48	CWWE
CYBB	Pelly Bay Airport	Canada	23.0 ▲	20.0    27.0    27.0 (2000)  (2001)  (2001)	+3.0	38	CYBB
GMMN	Nouasseur	Morocco	39.0 ▼	36.3    47.3    47.3 (1994)  (2009)  (2010)	+2.7	71	GMMN
KISP	Islip, NY	United States	36.1 ▲	33.8    39.0    39.0 (2002)  (1999)  (1999)	+2.3	52	KISP
KBLM	Belmar-Farmingdale, NJ	United States	37.8 ▲	36.0    39.0    39.0 (2002)  (2011)  (2011)	+1.8	49	KBLM
LIMK	Torino / Bric Della Croce	Italy	34.0 ▲	32.3    34.0    35.0 (2022)  (2022)  (2019)	+1.7	50	LIMK
KMUI	Muir/Indiantown, PA	United States	36.9 ▲	35.6    39.5    39.5 (2018)  (2011)  (2011)	+1.3	47	KMUI
KHYA	Hyannis, MA	United States	33.3	32.0    37.0    37.0 (2002)  (1999)  (1999)	+1.3	52	KHYA
LERT	Rota	Spain	35.0	33.8    42.0    47.2 (1987)  (1975)  (1982)	+1.2	67	LERT
KTTN	Trenton, NJ	United States	36.7 ▲	35.6    41.1    41.1 (2018)  (2011)  (2011)	+1.1	53	KTTN
KRDG	Reading, PA	United States	37.2	36.1    46.7    46.7 (2020)  (2005)  (2005)	+1.1	59	KRDG
KPOU	Poughkeepsie, NY	United States	36.1 ▲	35.0    41.1    41.1 (2002)  (1995)  (1995)	+1.1	59	KPOU
KLNS	Lancaster, PA	United States	37.2 ▲	36.1    39.3    39.3 (2020)  (2011)  (2011)	+1.1	51	KLNS
KBVI	Beaver Falls Airport, PA	United States	35.1 ▲	34.0    37.2    37.2 (2024)  (1988)  (1988)	+1.1	41	KBVI
KFKL	Franklin, PA	United States	32.8 ▲	31.7    37.2    37.2 (1974)  (1988)  (1988)	+1.1	57	KFKL
CYSJ	Saint John, N. B.	Canada	32.0 ▲	31.0    33.7    35.0 (2002)  (2013)  (2024)	+1.0	45	CYSJ
CYQM	Moncton, N. B.	Canada	32.0 ▲	31.0    35.2    35.2 (2018)  (1949)  (1944)	+1.0	56	CYQM
CYHZ	Halifax Intl Arpt	Canada	31.0	30.0    33.0    35.0 (1981)  (2019)  (1995)	+1.0	40	CYHZ
KDAA	Fort Belvoir, VA	United States	36.8 ▲	36.0    40.0    40.6 (2020)  (1999)  (1983)	+0.7	68	KDAA
LIQW	Sarzana / Luni	Italy	33.0	32.3    39.0    39.0 (2019)  (1998)  (1998)	+0.7	48	LIQW
KTEB	Teterboro, NJ	United States	36.1 ▲	35.6    40.0    40.0 (2002)  (2011)  (2011)	+0.5	53	KTEB
KMIV	Millville, NJ	United States	37.2 ▲	36.7    39.3    40.0 (2002)  (2010)  (2010)	+0.5	64	KMIV
KINT	Winston Salem, NC	United States	36.1 ▲	35.6    40.0    40.6 (2018)  (1952)  (2023)	+0.5	58	KINT
CYYG	Charlottetown, P. E. I.	Canada	29.0 ▲	28.5    32.0    33.0 (2002)  (2013)  (2001)	+0.5	50	CYYG
KFME	Fort Meade / Tipton, MD	United States	37.0 ▲	36.7    40.0    40.0 (1966)  (2011)  (1983)	+0.2	47	KFME
SKPV	Providencia Isla / El Embrujo	Colombia	32.0	32.0    34.0    39.8 (2024)  (2024)  (2022)	0.0	35	SKPV
MUVR	Varadero, Matanzas	Cuba	33.0	33.0    36.0    44.0 (2023)  (1980)  (1993)	0.0	52	MUVR
MMZH	Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo	Mexico	35.0	35.0    36.0    39.0 (2019)  (1997)  (1980)	0.0	45	MMZH
LIMG	Albenga	Italy	33.0 ▼	33.0    39.0    39.0 (2015)  (1985)  (1985)	0.0	52	LIMG
LEVX	Vigo / Peinador	Spain	36.0 ▼	36.0    39.7    40.7 (2017)  (2013)  (2016)	0.0	52	LEVX
KUUU	Newport, RI	United States	33.3	33.2    36.7    36.7 (2002)  (2010)  (2010)	0.0	45	KUUU
KUNV	State College, PA	United States	33.0	33.0    39.0    39.0 (2020)  (2011)  (2011)	0.0	45	KUNV
KMTN	Baltimore / Martin, MD	United States	36.0	36.0    39.0    39.3 (2020)  (2012)  (1983)	0.0	55	KMTN
KHKY	Hickory, NC	United States	35.6	35.6    40.0    40.0 (1953)  (1952)  (2007)	0.0	59	KHKY
KFRG	Farmingdale, NY	United States	36.1	36.1    39.0    39.0 (2002)  (1999)  (1999)	0.0	41	KFRG
KFDK	Frederick, MD	United States	37.0 ▲	37.0    41.0    41.0 (2012)  (2011)  (2011)	0.0	37	KFDK
KDXR	Danbury, CT	United States	33.3	33.2    39.3    39.3 (2002)  (1991)  (1991)	0.0	44	KDXR
KDAN	Danville, VA	United States	36.7	36.7    40.0    40.6 (1954)  (1952)  (1954)	0.0	59	KDAN
KCQX	Chatham, MA	United States	32.2 ▼	32.2    37.2    37.2 (1983)  (1999)  (1999)	0.0	47	KCQX
KCDW	Caldwell, NJ	United States	35.6 ▲	35.6    39.3    39.3 (2018)  (2011)  (2011)	0.0	39	KCDW
KAVL	Asheville, NC	United States	33.3 ▲	33.2    36.7    36.7 (1970)  (1952)  (1983)	0.0	77	KAVL
KACK	Nantucket, MA	United States	30.6	30.6    32.7    37.7 (1975)  (1977)  (1975)	0.0	73	KACK
GGOV	Bissau Aeroport	Guinea-Bissau	33.0	33.0    40.3    48.0 (2019)  (1985)  (1976)	0.0	43	GGOV
GAGO	Gao	Mali	44.0 ▼	44.0    46.1    49.7 (1979)  (1967)  (1982)	0.0	55	GAGO
KPVC	Provincetown, MA	United States	32.8 ▲	33.0    34.0    34.0 (2002)  (2011)  (2011)	-0.2	37	KPVC
SPME	Tumbes	Peru	32.0	32.3    39.1    42.2 (1987)  (1991)  (2020)	-0.2	51	SPME
KHSP	Hot Springs / Ingalls, VA	United States	28.6	29.0    36.1    36.1 (1999)  (1988)  (1988)	-0.3	52	KHSP
CWRN	Hart Island	Canada	22.3 ▼	22.5    30.2    31.3 (1993)  (2018)  (2010)	-0.1	40	CWRN
KRKD	Rockland / Knox, ME	United States	31.7 ▲	32.0    36.0    36.0 (2002)  (2011)  (2011)	-0.3	39	KRKD
KBHB	Bar Harbor, ME	United States	31.7 ▲	32.0    34.0    34.3 (2002)  (2011)  (1988)	-0.3	48	KBHB
LEBZ	Badajoz / Talavera La Real	Spain	41.0	41.5    45.2    46.0 (2016)  (2017)  (2003)	-0.5	52	LEBZ
KSBY	Salisbury, MD	United States	36.7 ▲	37.2    39.3    39.3 (2014)  (2011)  (2011)	-0.5	70	KSBY
KPNE	NE Philadelphia, PA	United States	36.7 ▲	37.2    40.6    40.6 (2020)  (2011)  (2011)	-0.5	55	KPNE
KMVY	Marthas Vineyard Airport, MA	United States	31.7 ▲	32.2    35.6    36.7 (2002)  (1991)  (1975)	-0.5	52	KMVY
KMSV	Monticello, NY	United States	32.8 ▲	33.2    36.0    37.0 (2018)  (2006)  (2011)	-0.4	44	KMSV
KLYH	Lynchburg, VA	United States	35.6	36.1    39.3    39.3 (2012)  (1954)  (1954)	-0.5	77	KLYH
KJHW	Jamestown, NY	United States	30.6 ▲	31.1    37.7    37.7 (1974)  (1973)  (1973)	-0.5	49	KJHW
KGSO	Greensboro, NC	United States	35.6 ▲	36.1    38.2    39.3 (1970)  (1954)  (1988)	-0.5	80	KGSO
KDCA	Reagan National Airport, DC	United States	36.7 ▲	37.2    40.6    40.7 (2014)  (2012)  (1948)	-0.5	89	KDCA
KAFJ	Washington, PA	United States	31.7	32.2    37.0    37.0 (2018)  (2012)  (2012)	-0.5	36	KAFJ
KACY	Atlantic City, NJ	United States	38.9 ▲	39.3    40.6    40.6 (1966)  (2011)  (2011)	-0.3	78	KACY
KFOK	Westhampton Beach, NY	United States	36.1	36.7    37.7    37.7 (1966)  (1999)  (1999)	-0.6	67	KFOK
KDUJ	Du Bois, PA	United States	31.1	31.7    38.2    38.2 (2020)  (2011)  (2011)	-0.5	52	KDUJ
KCSV	Crossville, TN	United States	33.3	33.8    39.3    39.3 (1954)  (1993)  (1993)	-0.5	54	KCSV
KCAK	Akron, OH	United States	33.3	33.8    38.2    38.2 (1949)  (1988)  (1988)	-0.5	77	KCAK
CYAW	Shearwater, N. S.	Canada	30.0	30.6    33.3    34.0 (1984)  (1991)  (2010)	-0.6	57	CYAW
GMAT	Tan-Tan	Morocco	26.0 ▼	26.6    47.6    48.2 (2009)  (2009)  (2023)	-0.6	50	GMAT
KBED	Bedford, MA	United States	35.6	36.2    38.8    39.1 (1966)  (2010)  (1948)	-0.6	56	KBED
CWSD	Summerside	Canada	29.0	29.7    33.7    33.7 (2002)  (2013)  (2013)	-0.6	55	CWSD
SOCA	Cayenne / Rochambeau	French Guiana	32.0	32.7    40.0    42.0 (2005)  (1985)  (1975)	-0.7	56	SOCA
KMFD	Mansfield, OH	United States	33.3	34.1    37.7    38.2 (1949)  (1988)  (1988)	-0.8	74	KMFD
LFML	Marseille / Marignane	France	34.0	34.8    40.0    40.0 (1985)  (1983)  (1983)	-0.7	64	LFML
KPQI	Presque Isle, ME	United States	31.1	32.0    36.2    37.2 (2002)  (1944)  (1988)	-0.8	63	KPQI
KFAF	Fort Eustis / Felker, VA	United States	35.1	36.0    41.0    41.0 (1997)  (1999)  (1999)	-0.8	64	KFAF
TFFJ	Gustavia, Saint Barthelemy	Guadeloupe	31.0 ▼	32.0    34.0    42.0 (2024)  (1995)  (1981)	-1.0	39	TFFJ
SESA	Salinas / General Ulpiano Paez	Ecuador	28.0	29.0    32.6    40.0 (2023)  (1992)  (1981)	-1.0	36	SESA
SBIL	Ilheus Aeroporto	Brazil	28.0	29.0    38.3    41.0 (2019)  (1992)  (1995)	-1.0	42	SBIL
SBBE	Belem Aeroporto	Brazil	33.0	34.0    37.0    41.0 (1987)  (1981)  (1975)	-1.0	77	SBBE
MYSM	Cockburn Town, San Salvador	Bahamas, The	31.0 ▼	32.0    33.0    34.5 (2024)  (2024)  (1986)	-1.0	35	MYSM
MNBL	Bluefields	Nicaragua	30.0	31.0    37.0    42.0 (2021)  (2022)  (1973)	-1.0	59	MNBL
MMPR	Puerto Vallarta / Lic	Mexico	33.0	34.0    38.0    39.0 (2008)  (2011)  (1998)	-1.0	35	MMPR
LPPR	Porto / Pedras Rubras	Portugal	35.0	36.0    38.8    39.0 (2017)  (2022)  (2003)	-1.0	52	LPPR
LPBJ	Beja	Portugal	40.0	41.0    45.2    45.3 (2016)  (1995)  (2003)	-1.0	52	LPBJ
LIMF	Torino / Caselle	Italy	33.0	34.0    37.0    37.2 (2022)  (2022)  (1984)	-1.0	60	LIMF
KMMU	Morristown Municipal, NJ	United States	36.0	37.0    39.0    40.0 (2002)  (2003)  (2005)	-1.0	40	KMMU
KMMK	Meriden, CT	United States	35.0 ▲	36.0    38.8    38.8 (2002)  (2011)  (2011)	-1.0	43	KMMK
KGYY	Gary Regional, IN	United States	34.0	35.0    40.0    40.0 (2012)  (1995)  (1995)	-1.0	44	KGYY
KCGF	Cleveland / Cuyahoga, OH	United States	33.0	34.0    37.2    39.0 (2018)  (1988)  (2013)	-1.0	43	KCGF
KADW	Camp Springs / Andrews AFB, MD	United States	36.9	37.8    40.0    40.0 (1966)  (2024)  (2024)	-0.8	82	KADW
EGNJ	Humberside	United Kingdom	24.0 ▼	25.0    40.0    40.0 (2006)  (2022)  (2022)	-1.0	47	EGNJ
TKPK	Golden Rock	Saint Kitts and Nevis	32.0	33.0    38.0    43.0 (2020)  (1986)  (1996)	-1.0	52	TKPK
SYCJ	Georgetown/Cheddi Jagan Arpt	Guyana	32.0	33.0    35.7    43.0 (2009)  (2016)  (1976)	-1.0	48	SYCJ
SBCP	Campos	Brazil	32.0	33.0    35.7    40.0 (1981)  (2016)  (2023)	-1.0	35	SBCP
MHPL	Puerto Lempira	Honduras	32.0	33.0    38.0    43.0 (2024)  (1979)  (1975)	-1.0	58	MHPL
LIMN	Novara / Cameri	Italy	32.0 ▼	33.0    36.6    38.0 (2015)  (2022)  (1984)	-1.0	55	LIMN
LFMT	Montpellier	France	32.0	33.0    38.0    43.5 (1973)  (1990)  (2019)	-1.0	52	LFMT
LFMD	Cannes	France	32.0	33.0    39.2    39.2 (2010)  (2023)  (2023)	-1.0	44	LFMD
LETO	Madrid / Torrejon	Spain	37.0	38.0    42.0    43.0 (1989)  (2022)  (2021)	-1.0	65	LETO
KILG	Wilmington, DE	United States	37.2	38.2    39.3    39.3 (1966)  (2010)  (2010)	-1.0	82	KILG
KHVN	New Haven, CT	United States	32.2	33.2    38.2    39.0 (1983)  (2011)  (2001)	-1.0	74	KHVN
KHLG	Wheeling, WV	United States	32.2	33.2    37.7    37.7 (2024)  (1988)  (1988)	-1.0	56	KHLG
KEKN	Elkins, WV	United States	31.7	32.7    37.2    37.2 (2018)  (1988)  (1988)	-1.0	77	KEKN
KAOO	Altoona, PA	United States	32.2	33.2    39.3    39.3 (2018)  (2011)  (2011)	-1.0	59	KAOO
KZZV	Zanesville, OH	United States	32.8	33.8    39.3    39.3 (1949)  (1988)  (1988)	-1.0	60	KZZV
KWAL	Wallops Island, VA	United States	35.6	36.7    38.8    40.0 (2020)  (2012)  (1976)	-1.1	59	KWAL
KSEM	Craig Field / Selma	United States	35.0	36.1    42.2    42.2 (1953)  (1952)  (1952)	-1.1	47	KSEM
KROA	Roanoke, VA	United States	35.0	36.1    39.3    40.6 (2012)  (2024)  (1983)	-1.1	77	KROA
KLUK	Cincinnati Lunken Field, OH	United States	33.9	35.0    40.6    40.6 (2012)  (1999)  (1999)	-1.1	52	KLUK
KJST	Johnstown, PA	United States	30.0	31.1    36.7    36.7 (2020)  (1988)  (1988)	-1.1	56	KJST
KJFK	JFK Intl Arpt, NY	United States	36.1 ▼	37.2    39.3    39.3 (1966)  (2011)  (2011)	-1.1	77	KJFK
KIPT	Williamsport, PA	United States	36.1	37.2    39.3    39.3 (1966)  (2011)  (2001)	-1.1	77	KIPT
KHFD	Hartford, CT	United States	35.0	36.1    39.3    39.3 (2002)  (2011)  (2001)	-1.1	57	KHFD
KGFL	Glens Falls, NY	United States	33.3	34.3    37.7    37.7 (1949)  (1988)  (1988)	-1.0	59	KGFL
KBOS	Boston, MA	United States	35.6	36.7    39.3    39.3 (2018)  (2011)  (2011)	-1.1	82	KBOS
KBNA	Nashville, TN	United States	36.1	37.2    41.7    42.7 (2012)  (1952)  (2012)	-1.1	77	KBNA
KBKW	Beckley, WV	United States	30.6	31.7    34.3    35.6 (1991)  (1988)  (1988)	-1.1	62	KBKW
KBID	Block Island, RI	United States	31.1	32.2    35.0    35.0 (1983)  (1980)  (1980)	-1.1	49	KBID
KFBG	Fort Bragg, NC	United States	36.7	37.8    39.7    41.1 (2022)  (2012)  (1988)	-1.0	63	KFBG
MNPC	Puerto Cabezas	Nicaragua	31.0	32.2    39.0    41.0 (1978)  (2018)  (1976)	-1.2	60	MNPC
LFMI	Istres	France	34.0	35.2    39.5    44.2 (2009)  (1983)  (2019)	-1.2	51	LFMI
LESA	Salamanca / Matacan	Spain	34.0	35.2    44.0    44.0 (2005)  (2002)  (2002)	-1.2	52	LESA
EGYH	Holbeach	United Kingdom	24.0	25.2    39.1    39.1 (2014)  (2022)  (2022)	-1.2	54	EGYH
LPPS	Porto Santo	Portugal	25.0 ▼	26.3    35.0    36.0 (1989)  (2007)  (1979)	-1.3	52	LPPS
LIMS	Piacenza	Italy	33.0	34.3    39.3    40.3 (2022)  (1983)  (2003)	-1.3	55	LIMS
LELN	Leon / Virgen Del Camino	Spain	31.0	32.3    38.2    38.2 (2005)  (2022)  (1987)	-1.3	52	LELN
KLBE	Latrobe / Westmorland, PA	United States	33.0	34.3    39.3    39.3 (1983)  (1995)  (1995)	-1.3	51	KLBE
GAKD	Kayes	Mali	38.0	39.3    43.5    51.5 (2020)  (2012)  (2010)	-1.3	63	GAKD
LEMO	Moron De La Frontera	Spain	38.0 ▼	39.5    46.0    46.0 (1994)  (2022)  (2003)	-1.5	66	LEMO
LEZL	Sevilla / San Pablo	Spain	39.0 ▼	40.5    46.6    47.0 (1994)  (1995)  (2003)	-1.5	52	LEZL
KPSK	Dublin / New River Valley, VA	United States	32.6	34.1    37.0    38.0 (2018)  (1999)  (2012)	-1.5	38	KPSK
TISX	Christiansted	Virgin Islands	31.7	33.2    37.2    44.3 (2024)  (1994)  (2009)	-1.5	68	TISX
KBWI	Baltimore, MD	United States	36.7	38.2    41.1    41.1 (1966)  (2011)  (2011)	-1.5	80	KBWI
TAPA	Vc Bird Intl Arpt Antigua	Antigua and Barbuda	31.0	32.6    39.0    39.7 (1998)  (1977)  (1990)	-1.6	52	TAPA
MWCR	Owen Roberts Airport Grand Cayman	Cayman Islands	32.0	33.6    37.0    39.0 (2002)  (2012)  (1995)	-1.6	59	MWCR
KPSM	Pease AFB/Portsmouth, NH	United States	33.4	35.0    38.5    38.5 (2002)  (2011)  (2011)	-1.6	69	KPSM
KOSU	Columbus, OH	United States	32.8	34.3    37.7    38.8 (2002)  (2012)  (1988)	-1.5	43	KOSU
KFFO	Dayton / Wright-Patterson AFB, OH	United States	34.5	36.1    41.2    41.2 (2012)  (1936)  (1936)	-1.6	89	KFFO
KCHO	Charlottesville, VA	United States	35.6	37.2    41.1    43.0 (2012)  (1988)  (1998)	-1.6	57	KCHO
KPHL	Philadelphia, PA	United States	37.2	38.8    40.0    40.0 (1966)  (2010)  (2010)	-1.5	84	KPHL
KMGW	Morgantown, WV	United States	32.2	33.8    38.2    38.8 (2018)  (2012)  (1953)	-1.5	59	KMGW
.
PAGM	Gambell, AK	United States	3.9	2.7   -11.7   -31.7 (1952)  (1994)  (1951)	+1.2	44	PAGM
RJOC	Izumo Airport	Japan	20.0	19.0    17.0   -11.0 (1986)  (1986)  (2018)	+1.0	52	RJOC
PASA	Savoonga Airport, AK	United States	2.8	2.7    -1.0   -41.0 (2020)  (2005)  (2012)	0.0	38	PASA
KHUM	Houma-Terrebonne, LA	United States	21.0	21.0    18.0   -10.2 (2004)  (1968)  (1963)	0.0	55	KHUM
ID	City	Country	Current Temp & Trend (°C)	Unofficial Daily / Monthly / Alltime Record (°C)	Margin of Unofficial Daily Record (°C)	Database Length (years)	ID

Table Units: [ Fahrenheit | Celsius ]

LEGEND OF UNOFFICIAL RECORDS:

	Daily Close	Daily Tied	.	Daily Broken	Monthly Tied/Broken	All-time Tied/Broken
HIGH RECORD	##.#	##.#		##.#	##.#	##.#
LOW RECORD	##.#	##.#		##.#	##.#	##.#

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       Important Notes:

• The source of the historical data here is the NCDC GSOD (updated through 2024 as of 13 August 2025).
• The records are defined here using GMT, with the day resetting at 00GMT (7PM EST;8PM EDT).
• These records are NOT official and differ from official records that use a longer database and local (not GMT) time.
• Only cities having an NCDC GSOD recorded history of at least 35 years are shown here.
• With the additional year of data available (2024), 83 new stations (for a total of 3823) now meet the 35 year minimum record.
• In cases when there are multiple years of records for a city, the latest (most recent) year is shown above.
• Note that given the relatively short record used here (as small as 35 years), records will almost assuredly be set somewhere every day for the next several decades to centuries.
• Appreciation to R. Maue, E. Blake, and R. Remondelli, among several others, for feedback.